Spatial analysis is an analytical technique based on the location and morphology of geographic objects, aiming to extract and convey spatial information. Powerful spatial analysis capabilities are a key feature of GIS.
As spatial data can be categorized into vector data and raster data, the spatial analysis functions in GIS are divided into vector-based spatial analysis and raster-based spatial analysis.
Vector Analysis
Vector analysis functions include buffer analysis, overlay analysis, dynamic segmentation, and more.
- Buffer Analysis
- Overlay Analysis
- Dynamic Segmentation
Buffer analysis automatically creates zones of specified width around points, lines, or regions.
Overlay analysis combines datasets representing different themes to generate a new dataset, integrating attributes from the original layers.
Introduces the principles and concepts of dynamic segmentation, general workflows, route creation, route calibration, event table creation, and management of route-event table relationships.
Raster Analysis
Raster data, with its simple and intuitive structure, is widely used as a foundational spatial data format in GIS. Raster-based spatial analysis is essential for GIS applications.
Raster analysis functions include environment settings, surface analysis, raster statistics, vector-raster conversion, distance raster, interpolation analysis, histograms, hydrology, and raster value query.
- Set Raster Analysis Environment
- Surface Analysis
- Raster Statistics
- Vector-Raster Conversion
- Distance Raster
- Interpolation Analysis
- Raster Histogram
- Hydrology
- Query Raster Value
Configures settings for subsequent raster analyses, including geographic range, clip bounds, and default cell size for result datasets.
Surface analysis derives information or generates surfaces based on raster models. It includes contour extraction and isosurface extraction.
Provides multiple statistical methods to analyze cell values in raster data.
Converts between vector and raster data and performs raster thinning.
Calculates spatial or cost distances from each cell to neighboring sources. Supports distance calculation, shortest path analysis, and cost distance measurement.
Estimates values for unsampled points using sampled data, generating a continuous surface where every point has a calculated value.
Explains how to use histograms for raster data statistics.
Analyzes hydrological features of raster data, including sink filling, flow direction, flow length, cumulative flow accumulation, and stream network extraction.
Retrieves raster values at cursor positions, including datasource, dataset, coordinates, row/column numbers, and cell value.