Predefined Calculation Formula

Band operation can perform arithmetic operations on bands in image datasets. It provides 29 predefined formulas for band calculations.

Method Formula Description Calculation Formula Parameter Description
BAI The Burn Area Index (BAI) uses the reflectance of the red band and near-infrared band to identify fire-affected areas. 1 / ((0.1 - Red) ^ 2 + (0.06 - NIR) ^ 2)
  • Red band
  • NIR Near-infrared band
CIg Chlorophyll Index - Green (CIg) evaluates chlorophyll content in leaves using the reflectance ratio between near-infrared and green bands. (NIR / Green) - 1
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • Green Green band
CIre Chlorophyll Index - Red Edge (CIre) assesses chlorophyll content in leaves using the reflectance ratio between near-infrared and red-edge bands. (NIR / RedEdge) - 1
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • RedEdge Red-edge band
Clay Minerals The Clay Minerals (CM) ratio is a geological indicator that identifies mineral compositions containing clay and alunite using two shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands. Used for mineral composite mapping. SWIR1 / SWIR2
  • SWIR1 Shortwave infrared 1 band
  • SWIR2 Shortwave infrared 2 band
EVI The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) is an optimized vegetation index that accounts for atmospheric effects and background signals. Similar to NDVI but less sensitive to atmospheric noise, with reduced saturation in dense vegetation areas. 2.5(NIR - Red) / (NIR + 6Red - 7.5Blue + 1)
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • Red band
  • Blue band
Ferrous Minerals

The Ferrous Minerals (FM) ratio identifies iron-bearing mineral rocks using SWIR and near-infrared bands.

Primarily used for mineral composite mapping.

 SWIR / NIR
  • SWIR Shortwave infrared band
  • NIR Near-infrared band
GEMI The Global Environmental Monitoring Index (GEMI) is a non-linear vegetation index for global environmental monitoring via satellite imagery. Similar to NDVI but less sensitive to atmospheric effects. Susceptible to bare soil influence, not recommended for sparse/moderate vegetation areas.

eta (1-0.25eta) - ((Red - 0.125) / (1 - Red))
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • Red band
  • eta =（2 * (NIR² - Red²) + 1.5 * NIR + 0.5 * Red) / (NIR + Red + 0.5)
GNDVI The Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) evaluates photosynthetic activity and measures water/nitrogen absorption in plant canopies. (NIR - Green) / (NIR + Green)
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • Green Green band
GVI（Landsat TM) The Green Vegetation Index (GVI), originally designed for Landsat MSS and modified for Landsat TM, is also called Landsat TM Tasseled Cap Green Vegetation Index. Applicable to images with shared spectral characteristics. -0.2848 * Band1 - 0.2435 * Band2 - 0.5436 * Band3 + 0.7243 * Band4 + 0.0840 * Band5 - 1.1800 * Band7

 
Iron Oxide The Iron Oxide (IO) ratio identifies iron sulfide-oxidized rock features using red and blue bands. Effective for detecting iron oxides under vegetation canopies in mineral composite mapping. Red / Blue
  • Red band
  • Blue band
MNDWI The Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) enhances open water features using green and SWIR bands while reducing built-up area interference common in other water indices. (Green - SWIR)/(Green + SWIR)
  • Green Green band
  • SWIR Shortwave infrared band
MSAVI2 The Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI2) minimizes bare soil effects present in SAVI. (1 / 2) * (2(NIR + 1) - Sqrt((2NIR + 1)² - 8(NIR - Red)))
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • Red band
MTVI2 The Modified Triangular Vegetation Index (MTVI2) detects canopy-level leaf chlorophyll content while maintaining relative insensitivity to Leaf Area Index. 1.5(1.2(NIR - Green) - 2.5(Red - Green)) * Sqrt((2NIR+1)² - (6NIR - 5 * Sqrt(Red)) - 0.5)
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • Green Green band
  • Red band
NBR The Normalized Burn Ratio Index (NBRI) highlights burned areas using NIR and SWIR bands while reducing illumination/atmospheric effects. Apply reflectance calibration before use. (NIR - SWIR)/(NIR + SWIR)
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • SWIR Shortwave infrared band
NDBI The Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) emphasizes artificial constructions using NIR and SWIR bands. The ratio-based index reduces topographic illumination variations and atmospheric effects. (SWIR - NIR)/(SWIR + NIR)
  • SWIR Shortwave infrared band
  • NIR Near-infrared band
NDMI The Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) detects vegetation water content. Used for drought monitoring and fuel level assessment in fire-prone areas. Uses NIR and SWIR1 bands to create illumination-resistant ratios. (NIR - SWIR1) / (NIR + SWIR1)
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • SWIR1 Shortwave infrared 1 band
NDSI The Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) identifies snow cover using MODIS (B4/B6) and Landsat TM (B2/B5), ignoring cloud cover. The ratio format reduces atmospheric effects. (Green - SWIR)/(Green + SWIR)
  • Green Green band
  • SWIR Shortwave infrared band
NDVI The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) standardizes vegetation quantity (relative biomass) by contrasting chlorophyll absorption in red bands with high reflectance in NIR bands. (NIR - Red)/(NIR + Red)
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • Red band
NDVIre The Red-edge NDVI (NDVIre) assesses vegetation health using red-edge bands. Particularly effective for mid-late growth stages with high chlorophyll concentration. Useful for mapping nitrogen variability in crops. (NIR - RedEdge)/(NIR + RedEdge)
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • RedEdge Red-edge band
NDWI The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) delineates and monitors surface water content changes using NIR and green bands. (Green - NIR)/(Green + NIR)
  • Green Green band
  • NIR Near-infrared band
PVI The Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI) resembles DVI but shows higher atmospheric sensitivity. Use only with atmospherically corrected images. (NIR - a * Red - b)/sqrt(1 + a²)
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • Red band
  • a Soil line slope
  • b Soil line intercept
RTVIcore The Red-edge Triangular Vegetation Index (RTVICore) evaluates Leaf Area Index and biomass. 100(NIR - RedEdge) - 10(NIR - Green)
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • RedEdge Red-edge band
  • Green Green band
SAVI The Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) minimizes soil brightness effects using a soil brightness correction factor. Ideal for arid regions with low vegetation (-1.0 to 1.0 output). (NIR - Red)/(NIR + Red + L) * (1 + L)
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • Red Red band
  • L Green vegetation cover quantity
SR The Simple Ratio (SR) estimates vegetation quantity through the ratio of scattered NIR light to absorbed red light, reducing atmospheric/terrain effects. NIR / Red
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • Red band
SRre The Red-edge Simple Ratio (SRre) evaluates healthy/stressed vegetation by comparing scattered light in NIR and red-edge bands. NIR / RedEdge
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • RedEdge Red-edge band
Sultan The Sultan method converts 6-band 8-bit raster to 3-band 8-bit raster using specific formulas, highlighting specific rock formations (e.g., ophiolites) along coastlines.

Band1 = (Band5 / Band6) * 100

Band2 = (Band5 / Band1) * 100

Band3 = (Band3 / Band4) * (Band5 / Band4) * 100

 
TSAVI The Transformed Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (TSAVI) minimizes soil brightness effects by assuming arbitrary soil line slope/intercept. (s * (NIR - s * Red - a))/(a * NIR + Red - a * s + X * (1 + s²))
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • Red band
  • s Soil line slope
  • a Soil line intercept
  • X Adjustment factor for soil noise reduction
VARI The Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI) quantifies vegetation fraction using only visible spectrum ranges. (Green - Red)/(Green + Red - Blue)
  • Green Green band
  • Red band
  • Blue band
WNDWI The Weighted Normalized Difference Water Index (WNDWI) reduces errors from water turbidity, small water bodies, and shadows in remote sensing scenes. (Green - α * NIR - (1 - α) * SWIR)/(Green + α * NIR + (1 - α) * SWIR)
  • Green Green band
  • NIR Near-infrared band
  • SWIR Shortwave infrared band
  • α Weighting coefficient (0-1, default 0.5)

Related Topics

Band operation